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Footnote or endnote
The agency has updated its do-not-use list of hand sanitizers to include Durisan’s contaminated hand sanitizers. Date added to table; 4E Global SAPI de CV (Mexico). A short title in quotation marks, in cases in which the heading is too unwieldy to cite in full. Because there is no date and no author, your text citation would include the title (or short title) 'n.d.' For no date, and paragraph number (e.g., 'Heuristic,' n.d., para. The entry in the reference list might look something like this.
To cite a website or blog, list the author, title of the page or post, title or owner of the site, and the date it was posted, in that order. (If you can’t find one of those, leave it out.) After that, put the date you saw the item and its web address (URL). (Don’t worry about page numbers for online sources—normally there aren’t any.)
- Stephanie, “How to Make Edible Water Bottles!” DIY for Teens, December 1, 2015, accessed June 13, 2016, http://diyprojectsforteens.com/how-to-make-edible-water-bottles-video-tutorial/.
2. Bambi Turner, “The Ultimate Space Race Quiz,” How Stuff Works, accessed June 13, 2016, http://science.howstuffworks.com/space-race-quiz.htm.
3. “27 Things I Learned about Money by 27,” Broke Millennial (blog), May 27, 2016, accessed June 13, 2016, http://brokemillennial.com/2016/05/27/27-things-learned-money-27/.
Website title: Capitalize a website title in roman type: DIY for Teens. Add the domain ending (.com, .org, .net, etc.) if the website refers to itself that way: e.ggtime.com, Easel.ly.
Blog title: Capitalize a blog title in italics: Broke Millennial. If a blog title doesn’t include the word blog, add it in parentheses: Broke Millennial (blog).
It’s OK to tweak the caps in a title or address to make it easier to read: WizIQ instead of wiziq.
Bibliography
It usually isn’t necessary to put a blog or website into your bibliography, but you should do it (1) if it’s one of your important sources, (2) if you cite it frequently, or (3) if your instructor tells you to put all your note sources into the bibliography.
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Notice that there are periods (rather than commas) between the elements in bibliography citations, and that when there is an author name, the last name comes first.
Stephanie. “How To Make Edible Water Bottles!” DIY for Teens, December 1, 2015. Accessed June 13, 2016. http://diyprojectsforteens.com/how-to-make-edible-water-bottles-video-tutorial/.
Turner, Bambi. “The Ultimate Space Race Quiz.” How Stuff Works. Accessed June 13, 2016. http://science.howstuffworks.com/space-race-quiz.htm.
Broke Millennial (blog). “27 Things I Learned about Money by 27.” May 27, 2016. Accessed June 13, 2016. http://brokemillennial.com/2016/05/27/27-things-learned-money-27/.
Author-date citation
It’s often better to refer to a website in the text of your paper instead of trying to squash it into author-date format (“As of July 19, 2008, the McDonald’s Corporation listed on its website . . .”). But if you really want to make an author-date citation, follow the examples below. And remember that websites change, so include the date you saw it (or, if available, a date that the site was last modified). For the year of publication, use the access date or last-modified date.
But what if . . .
There’s no author? No date? If part of a citation simply isn’t there, you’ll have to leave it out. For a note: if the writer’s name isn’t listed, begin with the title of the post or page (as in note 3 above). For a bibliography entry: if there’s no writer, start with the name of the website or blog (as in the third bibliography entry above). If there’s no posting date, you can still list the date you saw it.
The author’s name looks fake? Give the name of the writer the way it’s shown, even if it looks fake; if you can find out the writer’s real name, add it in brackets: Tattooed Talker [Jennie Samuel].
The website disappeared after you saw it? It’s not your fault it went away. Just give the URL where you saw it and the date you saw it. (It is your fault, however, if you didn’t write down the URL and the date you saw it!)
You can’t tell if it’s a blog or a website? It might not be important; just make your best guess. Bloggers usually write in the first person (I did this; I did that), and their posts are often like personal journal entries in a roll with new posts at the top of the screen. Websites usually have multiple pages; the content might not change very often; the articles might not show the name of the writer. In general, individuals tend to have blogs, and businesses have websites.
The blog is part of a website? If a blog is part of a larger website, give the name of the website after the title of the blog: The Chicago Blog, University of Chicago Press.
More help with citations
Quick guide to Turabian-style citations (for student papers, theses, and dissertations)
Quick guide to Chicago-style citations (for professional publishing)
Photo: Lucie Bluebird-Lexington, Blogging
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Kate Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, written specifically for students, covers every aspect of research paper writing, from thinking up a topic to submitting the paper in official Chicago format. Turabian’s guidelines are compatible with The Chicago Manual of Style.
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